Radio Wave and GPS Scintillation Impacts of the 10 May 2024 G5 Geomagnetic Storm Observed at the United States Military Academy

Beginning on 7 May 2024, a sequence of nine CMEs erupted from solar active region 3664, with several merging together in transit through the solar wind towards Earth. The first combined CME impacted the dayside magnetosphere on 10 May and triggered an extreme G5 geomagnetic storm. The storm commenced at 16:37 UTC on 10 May, reached maximum intensity at 03:33 UTC on 11 May, and persisted into recovery through May 13. An array of instruments were online throughout the Hudson River Valley during the event, including scientific grade GPS receivers, amateur radios, Personal Space Weather Stations and a ground magnetometer. The Hudson Valley is located in the mid-latitude region and ranges from just upstate of New York City in Yonkers, NY to as far north as Troy, NY. At these mid-latitudes, the storm induced beautiful red and green auroral activity, amplitude and phase scintillation of GPS signals, flare- and storm-induced radio blackouts within the amateur radio bands, plasma density modifications, geoelectric and geomagnetic field perturbations, plasma flows, etc. Here we examine primarily the radio wave, scintillation and ground magnetic impacts of this geomagnetic storm as observed over West Point.