@proceedings {1009,
	title = {A Citizen-Science Path to TEC: Using GNSS Measurements to Track the Ionosphere},
	year = {2026},
	month = {03/2026},
	publisher = {HamSCI},
	address = {Newington, CT},
	abstract = {<p>Total Electron Content (TEC) is a key ionospheric parameter that affects HF propagation and introduces delay in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals. This poster provides an overview of what a GNSS receiver measures and how those measurements can be used to estimate TEC. I introduce the primary GNSS observables (code or pseudorange and carrier phase), explain how dual-frequency observations isolate the ionospheric contribution through dispersive delay, and outline the standard steps used to compute slant TEC and relate it to vertical TEC using simple mapping assumptions. I also discuss how low-cost, off-the-shelf dual-frequency GNSS receivers commonly marketed for Real Time Kinematic (RTK) applications can support TEC estimation when their raw observables are available, and how a distributed network of such receivers aligns with the HamSCI citizen-science model for expanding ionospheric monitoring coverage. Finally, I will show example systems I have built, based on the EclipseNB network from the University of New Brunswick, and briefly note their deployment for operation in Antarctica under the NSF-funded KAGO program, along with progress toward a public guide to help others replicate these stations.</p>
},
	author = {Jeremy McLynch and Joshua Turi and Hyomin Kim}
}
@proceedings {820,
	title = {Citizen Science: Development of a Low-Cost Magnetometer System  for a Coordinated Space Weather Monitoring},
	year = {2024},
	month = {03/2024},
	publisher = {HamSCI},
	address = {Cleveland, OH},
	abstract = {<p>As part of Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation (HamSCI) Personal Space Weather Station (PSWS) project, a low-cost, commercial off-the-shelf magnetometer has been developed to provide quantitative and qualitative measurements of the geospace environment from the ground for both scientific and operational purposes at a cost that will allow for crowd-sourced data contributions. The PSWS magnetometers employ a magneto-inductive sensor technology to record three-axis magnetic field variations with a field resolution of ~3 nT at a 1 Hz sample rate. Crowd-sourced data from the PSWS systems will be collected into a central archive for the purpose of public access and analyzation along with space weather research. Ultimately, data from the PSWS network will combine the magnetometer measurements with high frequency (HF, 3-30 MHz) radio observations to monitor large scale current systems and ionospheric disturbances and events due to drivers from space and the atmosphere alike. A densely-spaced magnetometer array, once established, will demonstrate their space weather monitoring capability to an unprecedented spatial extent. Magnetic field data obtained by the magnetometers installed at various locations in the US are presented and compared with the existing magnetometers nearby, demonstrating that the performance is entirely satisfactory for scientific investigations.</p>
},
	author = {Joseph Visone and Hyomin Kim and David Witten and Julius Madey and Nathaniel A. Frissell and John Gibbons and William D. Engelke and Anderson Liddle and Nicholas Muscolino and Zhaoshu Cao}
}
